FiftyOne Code Style

Module Template

"""
Module description.

| Copyright 2017-2025, Voxel51, Inc.
| `voxel51.com <https://voxel51.com/>`_
|
"""
# Standard library
import logging
import os

# Third-party
import numpy as np

# eta (Voxel51 utilities)
import eta.core.utils as etau

# FiftyOne
import fiftyone.core.fields as fof
import fiftyone.core.labels as fol
import fiftyone.core.utils as fou

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


def public_function(arg):
    """Public API function."""
    return _helper(arg)


def _helper(arg):
    """Private helper (underscore prefix)."""
    return arg

Import Organization

Four groups, alphabetized within each:

Group	Example
1. Standard library	import logging, import os
2. Third-party	import numpy as np, from PIL import Image
3. eta packages	import eta.core.utils as etau
4. FiftyOne	import fiftyone.core.labels as fol

FiftyOne Import Aliases

Module	Alias
fiftyone	fo
fiftyone.core.labels	fol
fiftyone.core.fields	fof
fiftyone.core.media	fom
fiftyone.core.storage	fos
fiftyone.core.utils	fou
fiftyone.utils.image	foui
fiftyone.utils.video	fouv

Docstrings (Google-Style)

Function Docstring

def get_operator(operator_uri, enabled=True):
    """Gets the operator with the given URI.

    Args:
        operator_uri: the operator URI
        enabled (True): whether to include only enabled operators (True) or
            only disabled operators (False) or all operators ("all")

    Returns:
        an :class:`fiftyone.operators.Operator`

    Raises:
        ValueError: if the operator is not found
    """

Class Docstring

class ImageMetadata(Metadata):
    """Class for storing metadata about image samples.

    Args:
        size_bytes (None): the size of the image on disk, in bytes
        mime_type (None): the MIME type of the image
        width (None): the width of the image, in pixels
        height (None): the height of the image, in pixels
    """

Key patterns:

• Args with defaults: param (default): description
• Multi-line descriptions: indent continuation
• Cross-references: :class:fiftyone.module.Class``

Private Functions

# Public API delegates to private helper
def build_for(cls, path_or_url, mime_type=None):
    """Builds a Metadata object for the given file."""
    if path_or_url.startswith("http"):
        return cls._build_for_url(path_or_url, mime_type=mime_type)
    return cls._build_for_local(path_or_url, mime_type=mime_type)

# Private: underscore prefix, focused purpose
def _build_for_local(cls, filepath, mime_type=None):
    """Internal helper for local files."""
    size_bytes = os.path.getsize(filepath)
    if mime_type is None:
        mime_type = etau.guess_mime_type(filepath)
    return cls(size_bytes=size_bytes, mime_type=mime_type)

Lazy Imports

Use fou.lazy_import() for optional/heavy dependencies:

# Basic lazy import
o3d = fou.lazy_import("open3d", callback=lambda: fou.ensure_package("open3d"))

# With ensure_import for pycocotools
mask_utils = fou.lazy_import(
    "pycocotools.mask", callback=lambda: fou.ensure_import("pycocotools")
)

# Internal module lazy import
fop = fou.lazy_import("fiftyone.core.plots.plotly")

When to use:

• Heavy packages (open3d, tensorflow, torch)
• Optional dependencies (pycocotools)
• Circular import prevention

Guard Patterns

Use hasattr() for conditional behavior:

# Check for optional attribute
if hasattr(label, "confidence"):
    if label.confidence is None or label.confidence < threshold:
        label = label.__class__()

# Check for config attribute
if hasattr(eval_info.config, "iscrowd"):
    crowd_attr = eval_info.config.iscrowd
else:
    crowd_attr = None

# Dynamic state initialization
if not hasattr(pb, "_next_idx"):
    pb._next_idx = 0
    pb._next_iters = []

Error Handling

Use logger.warning() for non-fatal errors:

# Non-fatal: warn and continue
try:
    for target in fo.config.logging_debug_targets.split(","):
        if logger_name := target.strip():
            loggers.append(logging.getLogger(logger_name))
except Exception as e:
    logger.warning(
        "Failed to parse logging debug targets '%s': %s",
        fo.config.logging_debug_targets,
        e,
    )

# Missing optional import
try:
    import resource
except ImportError as e:
    if warn_on_failure:
        logger.warning(e)
    return

# Graceful fallback
try:
    mask = etai.render_instance_image(dobj.mask, dobj.bounding_box, frame_size)
except:
    width, height = frame_size
    mask = np.zeros((height, width), dtype=bool)

Avoid Redundant Implementations

Before writing new functions, check if FiftyOne already provides the functionality.

Common Utilities in fiftyone.core.utils (fou)

Function	Purpose
fou.lazy_import()	Lazy module loading
fou.ensure_package()	Install missing package
fou.ensure_import()	Verify import available
fou.extract_kwargs_for_class()	Split kwargs for class
fou.load_xml_as_dict()	Parse XML to dict
fou.get_default_executor()	Get thread pool executor

Common Utilities in eta.core.utils (etau)

Function	Purpose
etau.guess_mime_type()	Detect file MIME type
etau.is_str()	Check if string
etau.ensure_dir()	Create directory if missing
etau.ensure_basedir()	Create parent directory
etau.make_temp_dir()	Create temp directory

Before Writing New Code

1. Search existing modules for similar functionality:

   grep -r "def your_function_name" fiftyone/
   grep -r "similar_keyword" fiftyone/core/utils.py

2. Check these modules first:

   • fiftyone.core.utils - General utilities
   • fiftyone.core.storage - File/cloud operations
   • fiftyone.utils.* - Format-specific utilities
   • eta.core.utils - Low-level helpers

3. Red flags for redundancy:

   • File path manipulation → check os.path or etau
   • JSON/dict operations → check eta.core.serial
   • Image operations → check fiftyone.utils.image
   • Type checking → check etau.is_str(), etc.

Code Validation Checklist

Before submitting code, verify:

Style Compliance

• [ ] Module has copyright header docstring
• [ ] Imports in 4 groups (stdlib → third-party → eta → fiftyone)
• [ ] Imports alphabetized within groups
• [ ] FiftyOne imports use standard aliases (fol, fou, etc.)
• [ ] Logger defined as logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
• [ ] Google-style docstrings with Args/Returns/Raises
• [ ] Private functions prefixed with _

Code Quality

• [ ] No redundant implementations (checked existing utils)
• [ ] Heavy imports use fou.lazy_import()
• [ ] Optional attributes use hasattr() guards
• [ ] Non-fatal errors use logger.warning()
• [ ] No bare except: (specify exception type when possible)

Testing

# Run linting
pylint fiftyone/your_module.py

# Check style
black --check fiftyone/your_module.py

# Run tests
pytest tests/unittests/your_test.py -v

Quick Reference

Pattern	Convention
Module structure	Docstring → imports → logger → public → private → classes
Private functions	_prefix, module-level, small & focused
Docstrings	Google-style with Args/Returns/Raises
Error handling	try/except + logger.warning() for non-fatal
Lazy imports	fou.lazy_import() for optional deps
Guard patterns	hasattr() checks for conditional behavior
Import aliases	fol, fof, fom, fos, fou
Constants	UPPERCASE, private: _UPPERCASE
Class inheritance	Explicit class Foo(object):
Redundancy check	Search fou, etau, existing modules first